Tesco PLC International Communication

Tesco PLC International Communication Introduction Tesco plc is the fourth largest retailer in the world after Wal-Mart, Carrefour and Home Depot, and the largest supermarket retailer in the UK, McLoughlin Aaker (2010, p126). The company was founded after WW1, and is widely recognised for having expanded its services during the 1990s away from groceries. In the last quarter of 2009 the company had a 31% share of the entire UK grocery market, with a reported gross turnover of 59.4 billion for the fiscal year 2008/2009. Cornelissen (2005, p32) provides an alternative synopsis of corporate communications via a historical perspective, defining five central or core themes. The realisation by the 1990s that organizations so as to stay afloat had to practice and engage through communications with a number of groups in the environment. For the larger part of the 20th century, managing communications had been defined predominantly via public relations and marketing divisions, this being an intrinsically limited approach, thus contemporary forms of communications management have integrated these divisions into the wider corporate communications function. Furthermore the shift from rigid to flexible market landscapes, and increasingly competitive marketplaces, this together with a greater call from society for corporate citizenship, pushing many organizations into stakeholder management strategies, and finally the relationship of corporate communications with the stakeholder era, and the need to build and ma nage relationships with stakeholder groups upon which the organization is economically and socially dependent. External and Internal communications Hargie D Tourish D (2004, p3) outline the scope of communication strategy and organizational success with an emphasis on internal communications proposing a systematic approach to the construction of a seaworthy communications strategy and the rigorous evaluation of all steps taken along the way. In the same way that Cornelissen J (2005), in the context of a historical understanding defines a shift in communications strategies and practices, the authors spell out a contemporary paradigm. Quirke, (1995, p76) is cited to have defined the traditionally bound or understood terms of organizational communication, such as the announcement of management conclusions, and the ensuring of consistent information, making messages easily comprehensible, and easy to disseminate. The authors go on to cite Quirkes further suggestions relative to the attempt to widen organizational participation and involvement, inclusive of the stimulation of thinking, participation and ideas, the networking of know how and learning across the organisation, the involvement of all employees in improving processes, the identification of ways of providing additional value to customer and lastly the expansion of what all employees believe is possible, Hargie D Tourish D (2004, p19), also see Quirke, (1995, p77). Quirke is further cited in so as to summarize this contemporary view of communications, the role of communication becomes not the top-down dissemination of management thinking, but the bottom-up means of connecting those who know what needs to change to those who have authority to make change happen. With respect to issues of external communications a number of fundamental questions are defined; who is communicating with whom? Which issues receive the most attention and arouse the most anxiety? How much information are people are receiving and sending on crucial issues? how much interpersonal trust exists; and how the overall quality of working relationships can be characterized? such issues are among the core concerns of efforts to establish what has been termed organisational climate (Lammers, 1994). The authors go on to outline the way in which a communications audit can be implemented citing a five stage sequential model devised by Baker, (1999) beginning with the selection of a topic, followed by an outlining of desired performance in relation to criteria and standards. The third stage entailing collection of objective data, fourthly the implementation of appropriate changes to improve performance, and lastly the collection of data to check for changes induced by the model. Van Riel suggests a framework for the coexistence of a number of communications functions in a single organization, this being particularly relevant to a company such as Tesco which as a result of its product and market diversification is concerned with a number or varying communication channels. Van Riels framework relates to internal concerns of an organization or company, as described by Barker Angelopulu (p371), Van Riel proposes a framework for organizations to stimulate cooperation among all relevant communication functions by defining the baseline of corporate communication. Three ultimate stages are devised by Van Riel, the definition of common starting points, the use of common operational systems and lastly the coordination of decision making. Identity, reputation and image McLoughlin, Aaker (2010) define Tescos success and growth over the past three decades directly in relation to its strategy and image, further relating it to market segmentation. The authors outline a number of strategic initiatives such as its managed range of four differing level brand product, finest range of premium products, Tesco healthy living, value range and Tesco organic range and furthermore describing the way in which the company changed customer perceptions of the brand itself, Secondly the company mantra has shifted form maximising shareholder value to maximising customer value. While the underlying objective is naturally to make higher profits this is specifically done while focusing on customer service (2010, p127). The third term which Damien McLoughlin, David A define is that of its diversification strategy which as outlined is based on four key principles, these being the innovation and expansion into the core UK grocery market and into areas like convenience store s; innovating through expansion into non food business like consumer electrics, clothing health beauty CDs and DVDs and even developing its non food finest and value ranges; expanding into retail services like personal finance telecoms and utilities by entering into joint ventures with major players in these industry sectors; finally, expanding internally which accounted for more than 25% of sales in 2008/9 with plans for further expansion in international markets including India and China, Damien McLoughlin, David A. Aaker (2010) Culture and its influence in corporate communications Considering the expansion and diversification of Tescos services and products, in addition to the widening of its potential targeted market landscape, the initially defined terms of corporate communications devised by Cornelissen J (2005) and Hargie D Tourish D (2004), central to which are ideas of integration, and the crossing of functional boundaries, seem most appropriate. Despite the broad range of services and products offered by Tesco, there are in existence a number of unifying terms to which the organization would need adhere to, such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and an overall brand value. The organizations present a number of terms which embody the core purpose of Tesco as a business, Value via competitive prices, product choice and high food quality, helpfulness via customer service, availability and customer communications, inclusiveness via the means of ensuring that the organization appeals to a broad range of customers, something for everybody, and innova tion via new product development and retails services technology. The role of technology in corporate communication Chaffey et al (2009) outline Tescos strategy of diversification predominantly in terms of internet marketing and implementation, citing the chief executive of Tescos Terry Leahy from the Sunday Times, we will be the worlds biggest online grocery retailer and we intend to become the UKs No.1 e-commerce business (Lorenz and Nuki, 1999), further defining the way in which Tescos affirmed expansion was aligned to its expansion in providing wider products and services, in 2000, the online services diversified, offering many non food product ranges and financial services. The terms of diversification are understood predominantly in relation to internet shopping and service innovations, By 2003 96% of the UK population could shop online with Tesco.com giving the commonly 65% of the UK online grocery shopping market and further diversification of product ranges, e.g. financial services and telecoms. Specific innovations such as DVD services to the door, a rental film DVD service, the provisio n of energy utilities whereby customers can save money on their house bills, initiatives and schemes to promote better health such as online -diet services which help customers to tailor their food shopping and diets, and telephone services, Currently Tesco is focusing on the development of TESCO direct, which offers customers a wide range of non-food goods as well as launching a range of own brand computer software. Currently Tesco accounts for approximately 66% of the UKs online shopping market. Dave Chaffey et al (640; 2009). Oliver (1997, p128) suggests a communications framework in relation to IT technology which ultimately aligns terms of cultural values and beliefs of an organization with the organizations vision. The author presents a model devised by Goldberg Sifonis (1993) titled communication framework, which relies on the assumptions of management which are adopted on an intuitive basis and that need to be communicated with internal and external stakeholders, as described by the author, from that, a dynamic campaign plan or communication framework is produced which clearly represents the cultural values and beliefs of an organization aligned to its vision, Oliver (1997, p128). Internal-the role of HR corporate Communication It is widely referred to throughout literature that the role of HR in terms of wider communications strategies is immensely under emphasised, HR departments most often not being considered under the scope of a communications department. The U.S. society for HRM asserts the way in which communications and HR should be closely related within any organizational framework, specifying the role of HR in terms of communication as a way by which to assert any given culture as alive and healthy. HR is predominantly responsible for and concerned with internal communications in this respect. Turner (2003, p20) proposes a model which adapts the traditional framework of linking HRM and performance. Turners model incorporates communications into the entire model. For example at the stage of HR strategy, the author suggests good communication as a tool by which to join up HR policies and strategies. In terms of HR practices, the author outlines, effective people management practices to be communica ted to line managers, and directly in relation to terms of financial performance, the author suggests efficient communication of a culture of good people practice, this being particularly important to an organization such as Tesco plc, which falls into the category of a dominant, large multi-national corporation, at risk of gaining a bad reputation for this very reason. Conclusion Pelsmacker P et al (2005, p228) define a number of channels adopted by the Tesco organization so as to communicate to as wide a consumer market as possible. For example the authors define the Tesco club card magazine, describing the aims as the creation of fun and information, managing the communicated core Tesco brand values and services. The authors further outline the engendering of lasting brand loyalty, and contribute significantly to customer awareness of new areas and lastly the increase up take of other Tesco ventures particularly in non food, the authors go onto to describe, At forward publishing, they realised very quickly that you cant talk to someone in their twenties in the same way that you would to a person in their sixties, resulting in various targeted, specific magazines. The organization identified five life stages from Club card data, creating five different copies of the clubcard magazine. This is defined as just one initiative amongst many more such as Tesco lif estyle scheme and the Tesco loyalty program which gave the organization the ability to customize and further optimize the customer expertise. As an international organization, concerned with such a diverse range of services the Tesco organization embody and epitomize the very need to diversify and integrate communications approaches, as described by Cornelissen and to implement the bottom up means of connecting those who know what needs to change to those who have the authority to make change happen as defined by Quirke (1995). Recommendations Further analysis of Tesco plc in terms of corporate communications would need to incorporate quantitative data in addition to a qualitative assessment, furthermore the role of a communications strategy would need to be discussed further, directly in relation to Tescos brand and product diversification.

What Is Sucess?

We, mostly referring to those, especially the young who have treaded the path filled with enigma and decisions to be made must eventually come to a halt, where the paths to success and failure lie. The fruits of success lay right before our eyes but yet out of reach. However, the devastation of failure seems so far away but is no further than a stone’s throw away. And what is success? Many of us, mainly those who are working see success as having great wealth and power, however, some see success in different ways.For example, some see having a good relationship with someone as success, some see success in helping the needy, some see success as being happy, and some even see it in having time to enjoy the little things. Considering the fact that I’m still a teenager and have not any plans for building up a family, success in my eyes is obtaining a relatively good status in society. It is better in my view to aim high initially because we will not be able to return to the past with our mea culpa. The road to success is like a busy highway, if you stop suddenly, you might get involved in an accident.Just like our lives, everything is fast paced and many of us find it painfully difficult to adapt to this kind of life. Some are not audacious enough to attempt and therefore discouraged by the stress and adversity that is to be faced in the future. Besides that, many of us happen to be victims of indolence and having the ‘Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ personality. Our unwilling and pious actions constantly draw us away from our goals. Think of our lives as a game of soccer, only without the goal posts.We would be like dogs without a leash, and sheep without a Sheppard, wandering aimlessly with no purpose at all. Now a game of soccer with the goal posts, on reflection to our lives, we set goals easily just as a soccer player sees the goal posts, but it requires lots of effort and discipline to score a goal as well as to succeed. Everything has pros and cons but not success, success is a like a rose without thorns, nothing but pure delight. In other words, success is the sobriquet for overcoming obstacles and to ameliorate an individual’s all in all performance. How then do we achieve success?There are many ways we can obtain it, and one of the ways is by giving a concentrated focus on an action we are working on. Concentration can give us an advantage in magnifying our efficiency on something that usually only produces a limited amount of result to a more augmented one. Take for an example, a student who gives a full concentration in class can well understand and absorb what is being taught than one who gives less concentration and understands less. Focused concentration on a field where we are naturally talented will also give us a head start that can gradually lead us to achieve success.A talent that we know can be practiced on and can be improved should be used to grant us opportunities that can be beneficial an d rewarding, well begun is half done, bringing us a step closer to our goals. Parents should understand and know what are their children talents are so that they could start at an early age to work on it and use them to good use and plan their way to success. As said by Winston Churchill â€Å"Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm. † We should learn through our failures to obtain an experience that will lead us to success.There is a very small chance that anyone of us can get something or to do something at the first try and get it right without failure. What about the disappointments? Failing is not always the villainy of our improvidence much can be learned from failure. By failing, we will train ourselves to work harder and execute things correctly the next time we try. Success is obtained through failure too! For example, as an athlete, winning a competition is not an easy task as there are many others who also compete, thus if failu re occurs, he or she should learn from their mistakes and get the proper techniques to perform better.Learning through failures also enables us to identify the failures and makes them easily detected by us. This will save us precious time to complete a task and move on to the next one without ingeminating a mistake and with progression, we will succeed in it. On that account, failure is just like a bump on the road, that we have to overcome to move on and not to be discouraged by it so that there are no boundaries to the success we need. But we shouldn't always expect things to go our way, failing never assures that we would get up and finish strong.Failure is devastation, we must try as hard as possible to avoid this chimera, this illusion that depicts a so called ‘necessary' step to success. Let failure look for us and not the other way round, and of course we shouldn't let failure find us, unless we are noddy or face some home-grown entropy such as laziness and being highly dependent on others. Does hypocrisy have a say? I'm sure it does. As the saying goes ‘actions speak louder than words’ we should always put in all our effort on the thing that we are doing rather than talk about something we have yet to complete.This means we have to use all our energy physically or mentally to make sure all out capability is put to use with concentration to fulfil something. It is a fact that most of the successful people in the world take these steps in their lives. World renowned athletes such as Kobe Bryant and Michael Jordan, singers like Celine Dion, actors like Samuel L Jackson and writers like JK Rowling have spent years putting in their effort at what their good in and gave it their all to achieve different type of success such as status, wealth and power.We should also plan our actions before starting on something so that we have the steps to finish them without holding back to change or repeat something that can be avoided. By putting enough effort and planning into a work, it will be completed quickly and efficiently hence more work can be done. Factory workers who work in assembly lines can be taken as examples where they work in lines that resemble the steps and all the workers have to put effort so that they can maintain the production and once a worker stops, the whole production line will be ruined thus there will be no product or result.Another way success can be obtained is by being passionate about our goals and have a drive to achieve them. We should have an unprecedented passion and a drive on something that we are working on based truly on our love towards it. It will turn out bad for someone if they do not have the passion and drive on a job and could not contribute anything regarding to the job. Being passionate and to be driven also motivates us to give the best that we can offer to complete a task by reminding us to not give up on our goals.When situations get tough and cannot be handled, we should alwa ys remember the passion that is within everyone which motivates us to get back into reality and solve any circumstances that we face in our lives to ultimately drive us to our successes, no pain no gain. After going through the sweat and blood of achieving success, cupidity starts to kick in. The desire for more is nothing but natural for most humans. Forgetting the importance of everything while in pursuit of wealth is a common issue that occurs in the world. This is ineluctable in the eyes of the wealthy. So are there actually dangers behind it?Yes, in the world today anything to do with money involves parlous activities, hidden and ready to spring out at those with narcosis about what goes on in the world today. The amount of theft and murder are constantly rising mainly due to the need of money. Tycoons are now being targeted and robbed despite having state of the art security technology. Thieves of the 21st century today have come out with more trenchant ways to rob and pilfer from any desired locations such as banks and bungalows. They have become increasingly ferocious and posses a high tendency for murder.Success doesn't just appear in the form of money, happiness seems to be another form of success. If an individual is unhappy with his or herself, no proven amount of external things can alter that fact. I for instance, consider happiness to be the prime and inimitable importance of my life. Is it not better to be able to walk safely in public with only few cents in your pocket than to be carrying thousands and be afraid of being robbed? Is it also not better to be able to have a friendly match of soccer just for the fun of it than to get castigated upon the failure to score the match-winning goal?It is hard to decide what makes a happy life because it can be very bemusing. We cannot agree on a definition of happiness that is consentaneously similar to everyone’s opinion. One man’s idea of a happy life will not be incisively exact to anot her man and what a third man considers to be a happy may or may not be acceptable neither to the first nor to the second. The attempt to decide what a happy life reminds me of the five blind men who tried to find the shape of an elephant. One man's rubbish is another man's treasure. The idea of happiness differs among people.Happiness is a state of the mind which depends entirely on the individuals concern. Someone may find certain conditions conductive to a happy life, while the same condition may fail to make someone else happy. Where lays the difference? Perhaps in the mental state of the two, the former found happiness because he was able to feel contented with those conditions, the latter failed concerned is satisfied with those conditions , it seems fairly reasonable to find happiness because the same conditions fell short of his expectations, he was discontented.What about materialistic goods? This depends on each and everyone’s personal mind-sets of satisfaction. Mate rialistic items alone are probably unable to produce happiness, like a Stour between right and wrong, there must be a limit to these materialistic needs to ensure life can go on happily. So, before we try to decide what makes a happy life, we have to be quite definite what sort of happiness we are aimed to achieve to prevent an inner eristic situation.Recessions have occurred, natural disasters too. Are there any other crises that we face? What about our relationships? The world as we know it apparently faces increasing rate of divorce, could this be caused by the lack of symbiotically trust? Are we neglecting the values of a relationship? I don't find it surprising to see success in having a good relationship. In fact we could carry a portmanteau filled with the importance of maintaining a relationship. So what makes relationships deemed as success?I see success not only intimately between a specific being but also the relationship formed between friends and others. We could be jan issaries to our friends, supporting encouraging them when they need us most. The problem is, how do we obtain this successful relationship? After many ‘attempts', I find that knowing yourself and knowing what you and another person wants as well as having the willingness to change, are key factors in determining the permanence of your relationship.Besides that, relationships which are successful can be created through many different ways of desirability including resemblance of inters, differences that are corresponding, mutual attraction, competence, self-disclosure, and closeness. Successful relationships begins with your relationship with everyone you meet, start from the people on the street till the person you love , and even everyone amongst us , such as the person you pay at the counter , the people you study with , your friends and your family.Other than that, there are many essentials that assist in determining and creating a successful relationships and one of which is communication. Communication is the basic in relationship especially where relationships which involve love are concerned. Love relationships often require a deeper understanding of just how vital communication is to the success of that relationship. Maintaining and developing successful relationships rely on the person’s ability to communicate their needs, wants, and goals within the relationship.Besides that, we need to love and to be loved . This is the mutual way we were put together, and our essential need after food and shelter. It's what holds the bonds of family together so strongly, parent to child, child to parent and siblings to siblings. It is the reason that society has developed marriage in one form because marriage is the ultimate expression of loving and being loved. Perhaps the dernier cri on the meaning of success today speaks of wealth? In this era, money is the first craze, people are becoming more avaricious.Sometimes it is the only thing that determin es success in people’s life. Most people say that money can buy power, money can buy fame, money can buy time and sometimes money can even buy ‘life'. It is said that money has become the first common goal for everybody. As the contrarian speaks, there is something else that can be measured as success. For instance, if an individual observes his or her career and feels satisfied and happy with the status, he would consider it a very successful life.On the other hand, if he looks back and realizes he could have accomplished much more and feels disappointed, he will not be so successful in his own eyes. Success is directly in proportion to happiness and wealth. Without it, there will not be success. Success can also be attained by achieving goals. In order to require a goal, one must accomplish smaller goals that show up to the main achievement, every journey starts with a small step, slowly but surely making our way up the ladder of hard work and finally standing on the hedonistic platform of success.For example, if a football team achieved its aim to win their district and the state championship, they would be successful. On the contrary, if the team had set out to have a winning record and fail to do so, the season would not be considered successful. One vital thing that defines success is our careers. With different careers, we will have different goals and measurements of our success. If you are a major scientist, success will depend on the research you do.A formula that can prove your theory is true can be the greatest success in your life. If you are a writer, you will probably succeed if your book gets on the best-selling in the bookstore or if your works get published in a magazine. So we can see that measure of success in your life as the effort you have devoted and all the sacrifice made. As the years go by, the wick of the candle now adust by the flame of our busy lives begin to shorten and we are left with little time to direct ourselve s towards our goals.As mentioned there are no specific meanings of success, we shouldn't let our time be purloined trying to comprehend another person’s idea of success. We should do what we feel is right and follow our conscience. This is my thoughts on what success is. No arguments about success have yet to occur with me, but we can all agree that to succeed, the time to start is now. The working field is only getting more competitive, and if we do not put in effort now, there might not be a secure future for us.

Miller delivers tension Essay

Act two opens with a scene of great contrast to the climax at the end of Act one where the curtain falls on â€Å"their ecstatic cries†. In Act two, we begin to learn the relationship between John and Elizabeth in more detail. Miller creates a sense of tension and conflict between John and Elizabeth by using detailed stage directions to communicate to the audience how the actors are feeling and their thought tracks through their movement on stage and their facial expressions. The tension during Act two is made even more dramatic by contrasting with the coldness and quietness at the start of Act two. At the beginning of Act two, Miller has purposely included very detailed stage directions about how Proctor’s house should appear on stage. Firstly, Proctor’s common room is â€Å"low, dark and rather long† which although is common for a Puritan living room, it suggest an unpleasant atmosphere within the household. â€Å"As the curtain rises, the room is empty† is also included within the opening set of stage directions. The room is empty and still which again creates a contrast to the hysteria of Betty and Abigail’s accusations of witchcraft and the heated argument between John and Elizabeth. One reason for Miller to create this contrast could be that he wanted to make the peaceful start to Act two make the ending of Act one and the argument between John and Elizabeth seem more dramatic and to make parts of Act two with John and Elizabeth seem more controversial. As John enters the living room, he â€Å"halts† as he hears Elizabeth singing. Miller may have added this â€Å"halts† because John is not knowing what to expect Elizabeth to be like with him because of the unsaid words that still lie between them about John’s affair with Abigail, or because he is enjoying listening to Elizabeth’s singing. John could also be worried that Elizabeth may question his whereabouts of that afternoon because he is late returning home. Elizabeth’s first words are, â€Å"What keeps you so late? † which suggests to the audience that Elizabeth has a lack of trust in John because of John’s affair. John gives a credible explanation, â€Å"I were planting far out to the forest edge. † and then tries to start a conversation. However, Elizabeth’s responses are laconic, â€Å"Aye. â€Å", â€Å"That’s well. † and â€Å"Aye, it would. † which suggests that Elizabeth does not want to talk to John. This could be because Elizabeth is still hurt because of the relations between John and Abigail or because Elizabeth’s mind is elsewhere because of all the accusations of witchcraft circulating through out Salem at this time.

Burglary Theories Essay - 5164 Words

Theories Explaining Burglary Rational Choice Theory and Routine Activity Theory By: Tracy Eberts, November 11, 2010 Abstract Any family can fall victim to home invasion or burglary-not by criminals who rob us of our possessions, but by our routines that allow them into our lives in order to rob us of our souls. Rational choice theory focuses on how to deter burglary. By examining the Rational Choice theory and Routine Activity theory we can see why criminals offend after weighing the rewards against the punishments. The Petit family found this out the hard way when two burglars invaded their home because they were not happy with the bounty that they received from the last two homes they invaded. Unfortunately for them this invasion†¦show more content†¦Most burglars weigh the positives with the negatives when making a choice to commit their crime. Many of them choose to commit their burglary (or home invasion) during the day because it is safer and there are less chances of being caught. About 57% of these crimes are committed between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. while about 42% are committed at night (ho me). Many burglaries are committed by repeat offenders. In the Connecticut Nightmare, a string of burglaries led to the final home invasion and the death of a mother and her two daughters. Many people believe that they are safe where they live; in fact this home invasion occurred in a town that was listed as one of the â€Å"100 Best Places to Live.† The Petit’s, whom were the victims, lived in a â€Å"family-oriented community† with an â€Å"excellent academic reputation† (Swartz-Turfle). The day before Joshua Komisarjevsky and Steven Hayes invaded the home of the Petit’s they committed a string of burglaries in the same neighborhood. These two were known criminals who had been in and out of prison for the past several years. â€Å"Komisarjevsky was 22 years old in 2002 when he was sentenced to nine years in prison, with six years special parole for several counts of burglary and larceny for a string of house break-ins. He was granted parole in April 2 007† (Sullo). It was shortly after Komisarjevsky’s tether came off that he began to burglarize again. His partner in crime, Hayes, had aShow MoreRelatedThe Association Between Differential Association Theory and Burglary1358 Words   |  6 Pagesassociation theory explains burglary. The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) considers burglary a Type 1 Index Crime because of its potentially violent nature. The FBI breaks burglary down into three sub-classifications. This paper discusses the elements of the crime of burglary and what constitutes a structure or dwelling. 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